Sex-Differences in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: Data From the EARCO Registry. in Archivos de bronconeumologia / Arch Bronconeumol. 2025 Jan;61(1):22-30. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2024.06.019. Epub 2024 Jul 9.

2025

Tipo pubblicazione

Comparative Study; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Observational Study;

Autori/Collaboratori (20)Vedi tutti...

Trudzinski FC
Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: franziska.trudzinski@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
Herth F
Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.
Olivares Rivera A
Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.

et alii...

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sex and gender influence many aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Limited data are available on this topic in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). We therefore aimed to investigate sex issues in the EARCO registry, a prospective, international, observational cohort study. METHODS: Baseline data from PiZZ individuals, enrolled in the registry with complete data on sex and smoking history were analysed by group comparisons and binary logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: 1283 patients with AATD, 49.3% women were analysed. Females reported less tobacco consumption (16.8±12.2 vs. 19.6±14.5 PY, p=0.006), occupational exposures towards gases, dusts or asbestos (p<0.005 each) and consumed less alcohol (5.5±7.6 vs. 8.4±10.3u/week, p<0.001). Females reported COPD (41% vs. 57%, p<0.001) and liver disease (11% vs. 20%, p<0.001) less often. However, they had a higher prevalence of bronchiectasis (24% vs. 13%, p<0.001). Despite better lung function (FEV(1)%pred. 73.6±29.9 vs. 62.7±29.5, p<0.001) females reported a similar symptom burden (CAT 13.4±9.5 vs. 12.5±8.9, p=ns) and exacerbation frequency (at least one in the previous year 30% vs. 26%, p=ns) compared to males. In multivariate analyses, female sex was an independent risk factor for exacerbations in the previous year OR 1.6 p=0.001 in addition to smoking history, COPD, asthma and bronchiectasis and was also identified as risk factors for symptom burden (CAT≥10) OR 1.4 p=0.014 besides age, BMI, COPD and smoking history. CONCLUSION: Men had higher rates of COPD and liver disease, women were more likely to have bronchiectasis. Women's higher symptom burden and exacerbation frequency suggest they may need tailored treatment approaches.

PMID : 39068055

DOI : 10.1016/j.arbres.2024.06.019

Keywords

Registries; Sex Factors; Smoking/epidemiology; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology/etiology; Prospective Studies; Prevalence; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects; Liver Diseases/epidemiology/etiology; Comorbidity; Bronchiectasis/epidemiology/etiology; alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/epidemiology/complications; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology; Middle Aged; Male; Humans; Female; Aged;